hydrostatic pressure
1. hydrostatic pressure
The pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium at a given point within the fluid, due to the force of gravity. Hydrostatic pressure increases in proportion to depth measured from the surface because of the increasing weight of fluid exerting downward force from above.
2. define osmotic pressure
Answer:
pressure is defined as the pressure that must be applied to the solution side to stop fluid movement when a semipermeable membrane separates a solution from pure water.
Answer:
-Osmotic pressure is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of its pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane.
- It is also defined as the measure of the tendency of a solution to take in pure solvent by osmosis.
3. Osmotic pressure directly proportional to
Answer:
Osmotic pressure directly proportional toConcentractionOsmotic pressure is directly proportional concentraction and temperature and inversely proportional to molecular mass#CarryOnLearning
4. Chemistry students prepared 3.00 M of sugar solution at 30°C. Then, they measured the osmotic pressure and found out that it was 8.00 atm. Was the measured osmotic pressure correct?
Answer:
To determine whether the measured osmotic pressure of the 3.00 M sugar solution at 30°C is correct, we can use the following formula:
π = MRT
where π is the osmotic pressure, M is the molar concentration of the solution, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in kelvin.
Assuming a pressure of 1 atm at 0.00 M concentration, the corrected osmotic pressure, π_corrected, is given by:
π_corrected = π - P_0
where P_0 is the atmospheric pressure.
First, we need to convert the temperature to kelvin:
T = 30 + 273.15 = 303.15 K
Next, we can substitute the given values into the formula:
π = MRT = (3.00 mol/L)(0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K))(303.15 K) = 74.9 atm
The atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately 1 atm, so:
π_corrected = π - P_0 = 74.9 atm - 1 atm = 73.9 atm
Therefore, the corrected osmotic pressure of the 3.00 M sugar solution at 30°C is 73.9 atm. Since the measured osmotic pressure was 8.00 atm, it appears that the measurement was incorrect.
5. Calculate osmotic pressure for 0.100 M Na3PO4 aqueous solution at 20°C
Given:
[tex]M = \text{0.100 M}[/tex]
[tex]T = \text{20°C + 273 = 293 K}[/tex]
Unknown:[tex]\pi[/tex]
Solution:Step 1: Determine the van't Hoff factor.
Since Na₃PO₄ is a strong electrolyte, we will assume that Na₃PO₄ is dissociated completely into three sodium ions and one phosphate ion. Therefore, there are four ions in a formula unit of Na₃PO₄. This means that,
[tex]i = 4[/tex]
Step 2: Calculate the osmotic pressure of solution.
[tex]\pi = iMRT[/tex]
[tex]\pi = (4)\text{(0.100 M)[0.0821 (L • atm)/(mol • K)](293 K)}[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{\pi = \text{9.62 atm}}[/tex]
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6. What factors affect hydrostatic pressure?
Answer:
The hydrostatic properties of a liquid are not constant and the main factors influencing it are the density of the liquid and the local gravity. Both of these quantities need to be known in order to determine the hydrostatic pressure of a particular liquid.
7. Isotonic saline solution which is used as intravenous (IV) solution has the same osmotic pressureas blood can be prepared by dissolving 0.923 g of NaCl in enough water to produce 100 ml ofsolution Calculate the osmotic pressure (in atm) of this solution at 25°C. (Guide: Determine themolarity first to get the osmotic pressure)
Given:
[tex]\text{mass of solute = 0.923 g}[/tex]
[tex]\text{volume of solution = 100 mL = 0.100 L}[/tex]
[tex]T = \text{25°C + 273 = 298 K}[/tex]
[tex]\text{solute = NaCl}[/tex]
Unknown:[tex]\pi[/tex]
Solution:Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of solute.
molar mass of solute = (22.99 g/mol × 1) + (35.45 g/mol × 1)
molar mass of solute = 58.44 g/mol
Step 2: Calculate the number of moles of solute.
[tex]\text{moles of solute} = \frac{\text{mass of solute}}{\text{molar mass of solute}}[/tex]
[tex]\text{moles of solute} = \frac{\text{0.923 g}}{\text{58.44 g/mol}}[/tex]
[tex]\text{moles of solute = 0.015794 mol}[/tex]
Step 3: Calculate the molarity of solution.
[tex]M = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{volume of solution (L)}}[/tex]
[tex]M = \frac{\text{0.015794 mol}}{\text{0.100 L}}[/tex]
[tex]M = \text{0.15794 M}[/tex]
Step 4: Determine the van't Hoff factor.
Since NaCl is a strong electrolyte, we will assume that NaCl is dissociated completely into one sodium ion and one chloride ion. Therefore, there are two ions in a formula unit of NaCl. This means that,
[tex]i = 2[/tex]
Step 5: Calculate the osmotic pressure of solution.
[tex]\pi = iMRT[/tex]
[tex]\pi = (2)\text{(0.15794 M)[0.0821 (L • atm)/(mol • K)](298 K)}[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{\pi = \text{7.73 atm}}[/tex]
[tex]\\[/tex]
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8. what is the osmotic pressure of a 0.075 M solution of a aspartice acid at 18.5°C?
Answer:
π = 1.8 atm
Explanation:
Converting °C to K
T = 18.5°C + 273.15 = 291.65 K
Calculating the osmotic pressure
π = MRT
π = (0.075 mol/L)(0.082057 L•atm/mol•K)(291.65 K)
π = 1.8 atm
#CarryOnLearning
9. What is the osmotic pressure (in atm) of a 0.884 M urea solution at 16°C?
SOLUTION:
Step 1: List the given values.
[tex]\begin{aligned} & M = 0.884 \: M = \text{0.884 mol/L} \\ & T = 16^{\circ}\text{C} = \text{289.15 K} \end{aligned}[/tex]
Step 2: Calculate the osmotic pressure of the solution.
[tex]\begin{aligned} \pi & = MRT \\ & = (\text{0.884 mol/L})\left(0.082057 \: \dfrac{\text{L}\cdot\text{atm}}{\text{mol}\cdot\text{K}}\right)(\text{289.15 K}) \\ & = \boxed{\text{20.97 atm}} \end{aligned}[/tex]
Hence, the osmotic pressure is 20.97 atm.
[tex]\\[/tex]
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10. How Buoyancy , hydrostatic pressure , and enhance cooling work together ?
Answer:
The biological effects of immersion in water, which are related to the fundamental principles of hydrodynamics, may be beneficial in certain training contexts. The effects and physical properties of water, such as density, hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy are highly useful resources for training, when used as a counterbalance to gravity, resistance, a compressor and a thermal conductor. Not only does the aquatic medium enable a wider range of activities to be used in a context of low joint impact, but it also constitutes a useful tool in relation to sports rehabilitation, since it allows the athlete to return to training earlier or to continue with high-intensity exercise while ensuring both low joint impact and greater comfort for the individual concerned. Moreover, this medium enables the stimulation of metabolic and neuromuscular systems, followed by their corresponding physiological adaptations allowing both to maintain and improve athletic performance. Hydrotherapy can also play a beneficial role in an athlete’s recovery, helping to prevent as well as treat muscle damage and soreness following exercise.
Explanation:
11. Calculate the osmotic pressure of 5g salt present in 400mL solution at 27degrees?
OSMOTIC PRESSURE
Given
Mass of Solute = 5 gLiters of Solvent (V) = 400 mlIdeal Gas Constant (R) = 0.08206 L • atm / mol • KTemperature (T) = 27 °COsmotic Pressure (Π) = ?Calculate the molar mass of salt (Sodium Chloride)
Molar Mass of Na = 23 g/mol
Molar Mass of Cl = 35 g/mol
Molar Mass of NaCl = (molar mass of Na) + (molar mass of Cl)
Molar Mass of NaCl = 23 + 35
Molar Mass of NaCl = 58 g/mol
Convert the mass to moles
Molar Mass of NaCl = 58 g/mol
(5 g NaCl) / (58 g NaCl / 1 mol NaCl)
≈ 0.09 mol NaCl
Convert the Volume from ml to L
1 L = 1000 ml
(400 ml) / (1000 ml / 1 L)
= 0.4 L
Calculate the molarity of the solution
Given
Moles of Solute (n) = 0.09 molVolume of Solvent (V) = 0.4 LMolarity (M) = ?M = n / V
M = 0.09 / 0.4
M = 0.225 M NaCl
Convert the temperature from Celcius to Kelvin
27 + 273.15 = 300.15 °K
Calculate the osmotic pressure
Π = MRT
Π = (0.225 M)(0.08206 L • atm / mol • K)(300.15 °K)
Π ≈ 5.54 atm
[tex] \: [/tex]
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12. How osmotic pressure and ph affect microbial growth?
Answer:
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13. Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest osmotic pressure at 25°c?
Step-by-step explanation:
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14. 11-15. At 40°C, the blood has an osmotic pressure of 8.02 atm. How many grams of glucose is contained in a 5mL of intravenous injection to have the same osmotic pressure as the blood? MM of glucose is 180 g/mol.
Answer:
5 mL × 8.02 atm = 40.1 g glucose
Explanation:
Hope it helps
15. Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.200 M salt solution (NaCl) at 25°C?
SOLUTION:
Step 1: List the given values.
[tex]\begin{aligned} & M = 0.200 \: M = \text{0.200 mol/L} \\ & T = 25^{\circ}\text{C} = \text{298.15 K} \end{aligned}[/tex]
Step 2: Determine the van't Hoff factor (i).
Since NaCl is a strong electrolyte, one mole of it dissociates into one Na⁺ and one Cl⁻ ion. In this case, the van't Hoff factor is
i = 2
Step 3: Calculate the osmotic pressure of the solution.
[tex]\begin{aligned} \pi & = iMRT \\ & = (2)(\text{0.200 mol/L})\left(0.082057 \: \dfrac{\text{L}\cdot\text{atm}}{\text{mol}\cdot\text{K}}\right)(\text{298.15 K}) \\ & = \boxed{\text{9.79 atm}} \end{aligned}[/tex]
Hence, the osmotic pressure is 9.79 atm.
[tex]\\[/tex]
#CarryOnLearning
16. The movement of water molecules as they go osmosis is called _____. a. osmotic pressure b. tonicity c. turgor pressure d. water potential
Answer:
1.D.
Explanation:
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17. calculate the osmotic pressure (in atm) of this solution at 25°C.
Answer: The osmotic pressure at 25°C of an aqueous solution 0.9287 atm.
Hope my answer is correct:)
18. What is the total osmotic pressure of the blood? Which components of the blood principally determine the osmotic process across physiological membrane?
Answer:
Doctors typically recommend drinking eight to ten glasses of water a day. This amount is necessary for the proper balance of electrolytes in the human body.
Explanation:
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19. Why air pressure should not be used for hydrostatic test?
Answer:
Another reason high-pressure air should not be used to locate leaks as opposed to low-pressure air is it can be dangerous. Unlike water, which is incompressible, the air is very compressible, making it hydraulically equivalent to a large mechanical spring.
Explanation:
#KeepLearning
Answer:
Why air pressure should not be used for hydrostatic test?
Another reason high-pressure air should not be used to locate leaks as opposed to low-pressure air is it can be dangerous. Unlike water, which is incompressible, the air is very compressible, making it hydraulically equivalent to a large mechanical spring
20. The pressure exerted by the water molecules is referred to as _____. a. tonicity b. water proteins c. osmotic pressure d. turgor pressure
Answer:
letter d.
Explanation:
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Answer:
The pressure exerted by the water molecules is referred to as _____.
B. Water proteinsExplanation:
The water proteins is pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid (gas or liquid) at any point in space within that fluid, assuming that the fluid is incompressible and at rest. Pressure within a liquid depends only on the density of the liquid, the acceleration due to gravity, and the depth within the liquid.
21. In a large tank of liquid, the hydrostatic pressure at a given depth is a function of
Answer:
Liquid density
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
22. A cylindrical tank having an inside diameter of 0.75 m and a height of 1.5 m. If the tank is full and contains three (3) equal amount of mercury (s.g.=13.6), oil (0.80), and water, compute for the following:a. hydrostatic pressure exactly located at the interface of water and oil.b. hydrostatic pressure located exactly at the surface of the oil.c. total hydrostatic pressure acting at the base of the tankd. absolute pressure acting at the interface of water and mercury.e. total hydrostatic force acting at the base of the tank.
Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Note: The arrangement of liquids will depend on their specific gravity/density/specific weight
23. The osmotic pressure of 0.200 M Na2SO4 solution at 30.0°C is 11.0 atm. The osmotic pressure of 0.200 M sucrose solution at 30.0°C is 4.98 atm. What is the van’t Hoff factor (i) for the Na2SO4 solution?
Answer:
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24. How Buoyancy ,hydrostatic pressure ,and enhance cooling work together
The biological effects of immersion in water, which are related to the fundamental principles of hydrodynamics, may be beneficial in certain training contexts. The effects and physical properties of water, such as density, hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy are highly useful resources for training, when used as a counterbalance to gravity, resistance, a compressor and a thermal conductor. Not only does the aquatic medium enable a wider range of activities to be used in a context of low joint impact, but it also constitutes a useful tool in relation to sports rehabilitation, since it allows the athlete to return to training earlier or to continue with high-intensity exercise while ensuring both low joint impact and greater comfort for the individual concerned. Moreover, this medium enables the stimulation of metabolic and neuromuscular systems, followed by their corresponding physiological adaptations allowing both to maintain and improve athletic performance. Hydrotherapy can also play a beneficial role in an athlete’s recovery, helping to prevent as well as treat muscle damage and soreness following exercise.
25. What is the role of osmotic pressure? how does it relate to cellular osmosis?
Answer:
Osmotic pressure is an important factor that affects cells. Osmosis is the net movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration. The intent of osmosis is to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides.
Answer:
Osmotic pressure is of vital importance in biology since the cell membrane is selective against many of the solutes present in living organisms. When a cell is put in a hypertonic solution, water escapes the cell and flows into the surrounding solution, causing the cell to shrink and lose its turgidity.
Water moves across cell membranes by diffusion, in a process known as osmosis. Osmosis refers specifically to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, with the solvent (water, for example) moving from an area of low solute (dissolved material) concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
Explanation:
26. Calculate osmotic pressure for 0.100 M Na3PO4 aqueous solution at 20°C.
Given:
[tex]M = \text{0.100 M}[/tex]
[tex]T = \text{20°C + 273 = 293 K}[/tex]
Unknown:[tex]\pi[/tex]
Solution:Step 1: Determine the van't Hoff factor.
Since Na₃PO₄ is a strong electrolyte, we will assume that Na₃PO₄ is dissociated completely into three sodium ions and one phosphate ion. Therefore, there are four ions in a formula unit of Na₃PO₄. This means that,
[tex]i = 4[/tex]
Step 2: Calculate the osmotic pressure of solution.
[tex]\pi = iMRT[/tex]
[tex]\pi = (4)\text{(0.100 M)[0.0821 (L • atm)/(mol • K)](293 K)}[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{\pi = \text{9.62 atm}}[/tex]
#CarryOnLearning
27. State the principle about the solution that develops an osmotic pressure, given appropriate conditions.
Explanation:
The pressure that must be provided to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water through a semipermeable membrane is known as osmotic pressure. The pressure required to nullify osmosis is also known as osmotic pressure.
28. Calculate the osmotic pressure of 0.2 M salt solution (NaCl) at 25 °C?
Calculating the osmotic pressure.
Given
Molarity (M) = 0.2 MTemperature (T) = 25°CIdeal Gas Constant (R) = 0.08206 mol • atm / mol • KOsmotic Pressure (Π) = ?Converting the temperature from °C to °K.
°K = °C + 273
°K = 25 + 273
= 298 °K
Substitution of values to the formula.
Π = MRT
Π = (0.2 M)(0.08206 L • atm / mol • K)(298 °K)
Π = 4.9 atm
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29. 1. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5.00 g of an unknown molecular solid in water to make 1 L of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution is 1.61 atm at 250C. Given the formula for osmotic pressure is MRT, what is the molar mass of the solute?
SOLUTION:
Step 1: List the given values.
[tex]\begin{aligned} & mass_{\text{solute}} = \text{5.00 g} \\ & V_{\text{solution}} = \text{1 L} \\ & \pi = \text{1.61 atm} \\ & T = 25^{\circ}\text{C} = \text{298.15 K} \end{aligned}[/tex]
Step 2: Calculate the molarity of the solution.
[tex]\begin{aligned} M & = \frac{\pi}{RT} \\ & = \frac{\text{1.61 atm}}{\left(0.082057 \: \dfrac{\text{L}\cdot\text{atm}}{\text{mol}\cdot\text{K}}\right)(\text{298.15 K})} \\ & = \text{0.065808 mol/L} \end{aligned}[/tex]
Step 3: Calculate the number of moles of solute.
[tex]\begin{aligned} n_{\text{solute}} & = (M)(V_{\text{solution}}) \\ & = \text{(0.065808 mol/L)(1 L)} \\ & = \text{0.065808 mol} \end{aligned}[/tex]
Step 4: Calculate the molar mass of solute.
[tex]\begin{aligned} MM_{\text{solute}} & = \frac{mass_{\text{solute}}}{n_{\text{solute}}} \\ & = \frac{\text{5.00 g}}{\text{0.065808 mol}} \\ & = \boxed{\text{76.0 g/mol}} \end{aligned}[/tex]
Hence, the molar mass of an unknown molecular solid is 76.0 g/mol.
[tex]\\[/tex]
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30. Explain osmotic pressure which occurs in the process called dialysis
Answer:
Osmosis. During osmosis, fluid moves from areas of high water concentration to lower water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane until equilibrium. In dialysis, excess fluid moves from blood to the dialysate through a membrane until the fluid level is the same between blood and dialysate.
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Explanation:
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